Monthly Archives: May 2020

From Newton’s time to the middle of the 20th century it was generally believed by scientists that the atmosphere of the Earth extended to a certain altitude, around 80 km, whereafter the perfect vacuum of space began. In the 1950’s … Continue reading →

For centuries scientists have been trying to create lower and lower temperatures and pressures, initially by evacuating gas from containers with mechanical pumps. But today more refined technologies such as diffusion, ionisation, chemisorption etc. are used to produce ‘high’ partial … Continue reading →

The images below depict two perfectly cubic 1 cc volumes of any metal, both contain 2.7 x 1019 atoms and each of their six faces are composed of 1 x 78 atoms, i.e. 700,000,000 individual atoms. As is observed in … Continue reading →