Romun Nose

Even eminent physicists admit the there is something fundamentally wrong with the scientific discipline of physics, as with Lee Smolin in his book with the above title. He says a possible solution is ‘freezing time‘ – now what he means by this and how it could be achieved I have no idea.

Most academic physicists would assert that the basis of physics today are quantum and relativity theories, but these two are acknowledged to be incompatible. And, in 80 odd years of intense endeavour in attempting to combine these into a ‘theory of everything’ (with a certain Nobel as the prize), the most brilliant mathematical physicists have completely failed.

Buckminster Fuller wrote (in ‘Utopia or Oblivion’) that from the 1930’s physicists ‘were going to work entirely in the terms of abstract, “empty set”, mathematical expressions‘ and that ‘all physical conceptual models (were) suspect‘.

And today, as a consequence, all eminent physicists are better described as mathematicians, but this purely mathematical approach has failed to advance our knowledge of the ultimate structure of matter and its interactions at macroscopic level, the most important being the transmission of the force of gravitation, and an explanation of its cause.

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In the formulation of Special Relativity (SRT) Einstein assumed that the atmosphere of the earth extended only to a certain altitude, and that beyond this space was a total vacuum.

“Half a century ago, (i.e. 1950’s) most people visualised our planet as a solitary sphere travelling in a cold, dark vacuum of space around the Sun.”1

Accordingly he firstly further assumed (out of sheer necessity) that light needed no medium for transmission, and secondly that, rather than it accelerating to infinity within this vacuum as some suggested, it would travel in it at a velocity as indicated by experiments using the moons of Jupiter as a yardstick, and in SRT accordingly used this as a basis for the suggestion that light speed is invariable throughout the universe.

As kinetic theory then stated that the gases at sea level were volumetrically 99.9% a vacuum, he also assumed that the velocity of light, in passing from the supposed vacuum of space, would not be inhibited by the meagre distribution of atomic matter within the earth’s atmosphere, and so the velocity here would also be c.

It is now known that a vacuum is ‘a philosophical concept with no basis in reality’2, and that in space throughout the universe there is a consistent distribution of matter at varying densities.

“Absolute vacua cannot be created or found. — for example interplanetary space is not a vacuum, but has density ρ = 10−29g.cm.−3 or 10−5 protons cm.−3. The Universe itself is not a vacuum but has various densities associated with itself -” 3

Thus it is now known that space is not a perfect vacuum, and the cosmic microwave background shows that there is a consistent distribution of matter throughout the vast regions of inter-galactic and inter-stellar spaces in the universe.

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Einstein’s theories of special and general relativity, presented around the turn of the last century, were said to be confirmed in two main ways, firstly in providing an explanation, where the application of classical Newtonian mechanics could not, for the slight precessive aberration in the orbit of Mercury, and secondly, and more importantly, by the results of the observations of stars close to the suns surface during the eclipse of the sun in 1919 that confirmed that the observed position deviated fractionally (1-2 seconds of arc) from the true position.

It was the general belief of scientists at this time that the Michelson and Morley experiments on the velocity of light in the 1880’s were a confirmation of the, then long-held assumption of many scientists, that the atmospheric matter of the earth extended to a certain (undefined) altitude whereupon the pure vacuum of space began.

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